nergy has supported human life since ancient times. We relied on the sun, burned wood, straw, and dried dung for heat. We also relied on animals and the power of the wind to transport us to every corner of the world and to do jobs that we couldn't do with our own labor. Water and wind helped us to drive the simple machines that ground our grain and pumped our water. With the fast evolution of industry, the way our society consume energy has changed. The rate of growth of global primary energy consumption has been remarkably stable since 1850 (2.4%/year ±0.08%) and shows no sign of slowing down. Power plants became larger and larger, power lines extended hundreds of miles between cities. The cost of energy production was declining steadily. Large manufacturing of cars and trains also made energy use grow quickly, doubling every ten years.
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